What is festooning and why bees are doing it?

Festooning bees are an intriguing phenomenon observed in social bees, including honeybees and bumblebees. These bees are known for creating chains or loops of bees, which appear as curtains or festoons, hanging from the ceiling of their hives. This behavior is a remarkable example of the social organization and communication of these insects.

The process of festooning typically starts when a colony of bees is constructing a new comb. The bees need to build a network of parallel wax strands to form the honeycomb. To do so, they hang from the ceiling of the hive and secrete wax from their glands, which they use to build the comb. As more bees join in, the chain of bees grows longer, forming a festoon.

One of the most fascinating aspects of festooning behavior is the coordinated movement of bees in the chain. The bees adjust their positions to maintain the curvature of the chain and keep the distance between the strands of wax consistent. They also communicate with each other by touching antennae, which helps to synchronize their movements and maintain the structural integrity of the comb.

Festooning is not only limited to honeybees but has also been observed in bumblebees. In bumblebee colonies, the bees form chains when they need to regulate the temperature inside their nests. The bees hang from the nest’s ceiling and form a chain that reaches the entrance of the nest. This way, the bees can exchange heat and regulate the temperature of the colony.

The function of festooning behavior goes beyond just the construction of the comb or temperature regulation. It also serves as a way for bees to communicate and coordinate their activities. The bees in the festoon are in constant contact with each other, and this allows them to transfer information about the colony’s needs and resources.

Scientists have found that the bees in the festoon can also release a pheromone that helps to attract other bees to the construction site. This pheromone signals to the other bees that there is work to be done, and they should join in the construction process.

In conclusion, festooning bees are a remarkable example of the social behavior of these insects. The coordinated movement of the bees in the chain and their ability to communicate and synchronize their activities highlights the sophisticated organization of bee colonies. Festooning behavior not only serves to build the comb or regulate temperature but also helps bees to transfer information about colony needs and resources. As we continue to study the behavior of these fascinating insects, we can gain a deeper understanding of the intricate social structures and communication that exist in the natural world.